manufactured by the metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method [28]. Various

shapes such as Eiffel-tower, spindle, and modulated nanowires have been synthesized

by a new technique. This technique helps in tuning the morphology of SiC nanowires by

the vapor-liquid-solid method by changing the pressure of the source species [29]. The

scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy

show uniform formation silicon carbide nanowires (Figure 12.4).

In addition to the above methods, there are several advanced methods established for

the synthesis of wide bandgap semiconductor nanomaterial. The methods used like

sol−gel, pyrolysis, and inkjet printing are fascinating, and synthesized materials can be

used for wearable and implantable bio-integrated electronics applications. Functional and

geometrically complex constructions can be done with the help of 3D additive manu­

facturing techniques. The elementary advantages of this process are the convenience

synthesis for widespread nano-crystallites, cheap, and huge manufacturing abilities.

Table 12.1 lists some of the wide bandgap material, fabrication methods, properties, and

their applications in bioelectronics.

12.4 Applications of Bioelectronics

12.4.1 Biosensors

Recent advancements in materials have broadened the research topics to include practical

applications in clinical care, based on biology and physiology principles [8]. Wearable

electronics that respond to temperature, strain, health monitoring [32,33], voice, and facial

expression [34] could provide useful, real-time feedback to a centralized server [35]. A

wide range of products, including smartwatches, fitness trackers, e-textiles, and even

smart medical implants, have already been introduced to the market. Due to its unique

capacity to detect minor stimulus changes, biological, elastic artificial skins have lately

spurred interest. E-skin generates artificial tactile systems by converting physiological

parameters such as stress, tension, shearing, and torque into electrical impulses [36].

Thus, e-skin could enhance wearable fitness tracking, sensory displays, prosthetics, and

adaptable robotic epidermis [37,38].

Wearable sensors with low weight, outstanding mechanical and thermal capabilities,

flexibility, and cost efficiency are ideal to avoid any discomfort and safeguard sensors

from any damage [36]. Organic and inorganic nanomaterials with various morphologies

FIGURE 12.4

(a) SEM image (b) HRSEM images of the SiC nanowires obtained at 1,550°C.

Adapted with permission [ 29]. Copyright 2008, American Chemical Society.

Semiconducting Nanostructured Materials

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